Imikhiqizo ye-graphite isetshenziswa kabanzi

I-graphite iyinto eguquguqukayo enezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa nezinzuzo, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni izinto eziphikisayo. Ama-refractories abalulekile ezimbonini ezifana ne-steelmaking, lapho asetshenziselwa khona ukuhlanganisa iziko, ama-crucibles kanye nokubunjwa, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. Imboni ye-refractory ibe nezinguquko eziphawulekayo eminyakeni yamuva, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezitini ze-magnesia ze-carbon kanye nezitini ze-aluminium carbon, kokubili okuhlobene eduze nemboni yokwenza insimbi.

Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu i-graphite ukukhiqizwa kwezinto eziphikisayo. I-graphite iyingxenye eyinhloko ekwakhiweni kwezitini eziphikisayo, izinsimbi, impushana eqhubekayo, ama-cores, isikhunta, okokuhlanza, izinto ezivimbela ukushisa okuphezulu, njll. Lezi zinto zidlala indima ebalulekile ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zezimboni, ikakhulukazi embonini yokwenza insimbi. Cishe u-10% wezinto eziphikisayo zomhlaba zisetshenziswa imboni yokwenza insimbi, okugqamisa umthelela obalulekile wezici ze-graphite kule mboni.

Ukusetshenziswa okusabalele kwezitini zekhabhoni ye-magnesia ekwenzeni insimbi yokwenziwa kwesithando somlilo kungenye yezinguquko ezibalulekile embonini ye-refractory eminyakeni yamuva. Njengoba iqukethe inhlanganisela ye-magnesium oxide ne-carbon, lezi zitini zinokumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu futhi zihlala isikhathi eside, okuzenza zilungele ukufakwa kweziko zokwenza insimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezitini ze-aluminium carbon ekubunjweni okuqhubekayo nakho kubone intuthuko ebalulekile. Lezi zitini eziqukethe i-aluminium nekhabhoni ziye zafakazela ukuthi zisebenza ngempumelelo enqubweni yokuphonsa eqhubekayo, ziphinde zibonise ukuguquguquka nokuguquguquka kwezinto ze-graphite refractory.

Izinto ze-graphite refractory zihlobene eduze nemboni yokwenza insimbi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kanye nezinzuzo kubonakala kuzo zonke izici zokukhiqiza insimbi. Ikhono le-graphite lokukwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu nezimo ezinzima liyenza ibe into efanelekile yezithando zomlilo nezinye izinto zokwakha insimbi. Ukuqina nokumelana nokushisa kwama-graphite refractories kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kwenqubo yokukhiqiza insimbi, ekugcineni kuthinte ikhwalithi nokuvumelana komkhiqizo wokugcina.

Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwayo embonini yokwenza insimbi, i-graphite inezinzuzo eziningana njengento ephikisayo. Enye yezinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko yi-conductivity yayo ephezulu yokushisa, eyenza ukudluliswa kokushisa okuphumelelayo nokusabalalisa ezinkambisweni zezimboni. Lesi sakhiwo sinenzuzo ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elingaguquki kufanele ligcinwe, njengokukhiqizwa kwensimbi nezinye izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ze-graphite refractory zibonisa ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali okuhle kakhulu, okuzenza zimelane nokugqwala nokusabela kwamakhemikhali emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ezindaweni ezinokuchayeka kaningi kumakhemikhali anokhahlo nezinsimbi ezincibilikisiwe, lesi sici sibalulekile njengoba siqinisekisa ukuphila isikhathi eside nokuthembeka kwento ephikisayo.

Enye inzuzo yemikhiqizo ye-graphite yikhono labo lokumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo, ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa okungabangela ukuthi izinto ziqhekeke noma zehluleke. Ikhono le-graphite lokumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo kuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuthembekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho amazinga okushisa eguquguquka ngokushesha, njengasembonini yokwenza insimbi neyokuphonsa kwensimbi.

Ukwengeza, ama-graphite refractories aziwa nge-porosity yawo ephansi, esiza ukwandisa amandla awo namandla okumelana nokungena ngensimbi encibilikisiwe nezinye izinto. Lesi sakhiwo sibaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni lapho ukubekwa uphawu nokufakwa kwe-insulation kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kuqinisekisa ubuqotho bezinto eziphikisayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu.

Ukuhlukahluka kwemikhiqizo ye-graphite kudlulela ngalé kokusetshenziswa kwayo embonini yokwenza insimbi. I-graphite refractories nayo isetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene zokushisa okuphezulu, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwezitsha zobumba, ingilazi nezinye izinto ezidinga ukuzinza okushisayo nokumelana nezimo ezinzima.

ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinzuzo zemikhiqizo ye-graphite ekukhiqizeni izinto eziphikisayo zibalulekile futhi zifinyelela kude. Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwe-graphite ekwenzeni izitini eziphikisayo, ama-crucibles, i-powder casting eqhubekayo, ama-cores kanye nezinto eziphikisana nokushisa okuphezulu kubonisa ukubaluleka kwayo ezinkambisweni ezihlukahlukene zezimboni, ikakhulukazi embonini yokwenza insimbi. Intuthuko yakamuva embonini ye-refractory, njengokwamukelwa kwezitini zekhabhoni ye-magnesia nezitini ze-aluminium carbon, ziphinde zigqamise ukuguquguquka nokusebenza kahle kwezinto eziphikisayo ze-graphite. Ngokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu okushisayo, ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali, ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo kanye ne-porosity ephansi, i-graphite ihlala iyisinqumo sokuqala sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga izinto ezithembekile neziqinile zokuphikisa. Njengoba imboni iqhubeka nokuthuthuka kanye nokufunwa kwezinto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, imikhiqizo ye-graphite izodlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nalezi zidingo futhi iqhubekisele phambili emisha kubuchwepheshe bezinto eziphikisayo.