Chitukuko cha dziko

Kukula kwa mayendedwe a dziko lapansi kwadutsa magawo atatu. Gawo loyamba, kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, limatchedwa gawo loyamba la mafakitale onyamula katundu padziko lonse lapansi. Gawo ili limadziwika ndi sikelo yaing'ono yopanga, zida zopanda pake komanso ukadaulo wakumbuyo. Kapangidwe kake ndi kachitidwe kamanja komanso kachitidwe ka msonkhano, ndipo zida zake makamaka ndi chitsulo cha carbon. Chifukwa chake, kulondola kwa ma bearings siwokwera ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera mtengo. Kuonjezera apo, mitundu ya mayendedwe ndi yochepa ndipo ntchito zawo ndizochepa kwambiri. Panthawi imeneyi, teknoloji yopanga zonyamula inali m'manja mwa makampani ochepa ku UK, Germany, Sweden, ndi United States.

Gawo lachiwiri ndi nthawi yakukula kwa makampani onyamula katundu padziko lonse lapansi, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse mpaka kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yadziko II. Nkhondo ziwiri zapadziko lonse zinalimbikitsa kukula kwa ntchito zankhondo, zomwe zinachititsa kuti anthu aziyenda bwino m'magulu ankhondo. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kofulumira kwa sayansi ndi luso lazopangapanga ndiponso kufunika kwa zida zankhondo m’nthaŵi ya nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse, makampani opanga zinthu padziko lonse akukula mofulumira. Kukula kwa kupanga kwakula kwambiri ndipo zotuluka zakula kwambiri. Kutulutsa kwapachaka kwamayiko omwe akutulutsa kwambiri kumapitilira ma seti 35 miliyoni. Zida zopangira ndi zapamwamba kwambiri ndipo zimagwiritsa ntchito kupanga magulu ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zonyamula zidapangidwa kuti zikhale zitsulo za alloy monga chitsulo cha chromium, ndipo mtundu wazinthu zasinthidwa kwambiri. Kusiyanasiyana kwa mayendedwe akuwonjezeka, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto, ndege, akasinja, magalimoto okhala ndi zida, zida zamakina, zida, mita, makina osokera ndi zina.

Gawo lachitatu, gawo lachitukuko chamakampani opanga zinthu padziko lonse lapansi, lidayamba m'ma 1950 ndipo likupitilizabe mpaka pano. Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse itatha, chuma cha padziko lonse chinayambiranso kuyenda bwino, ndipo anthu analowa m’nyengo yatsopano ya chitukuko chamtendere. Nthawi imeneyi yawonanso kupita patsogolo kwazamlengalenga ndi mphamvu zanyukiliya.

Posachedwa mpaka lero, ndipo makampani opanga zinthu padziko lonse lapansi apita patsogolo kwambiri. Kukula kwa kupanga kukukulirakulirabe, ndipo njira zamaukadaulo zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma bearings yawonjezeka kwambiri ndipo tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana ndi ntchito.

Masiku ano, makampani opanga zinthu padziko lonse lapansi akugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pothandizira mafakitale osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza magalimoto, ndege, makina ndi zomangamanga. Ma bearings akhala mbali yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa magalimoto, ndege, makina opangira mafakitale komanso zida zapakhomo.

Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo waukadaulo kwadzetsanso kuwongolera kwazinthu, kulondola komanso kulimba. Izi zimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito a makina ndi zida zomwe zimadalira ma bere kuti aziyenda bwino.

Kuphatikiza apo, kufunikira kwapadziko lonse lapansi kukupitilira kukula, motsogozedwa ndi kukula kwa mafakitale padziko lonse lapansi komanso kukula kwa chitukuko cha zomangamanga. Chifukwa chake, opanga zonyamula akhala akugwira ntchito molimbika kuti apange njira zatsopano zothanirana ndi kusintha kwa mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

Kuphatikiza apo, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kwatsegula njira yopangira zida zapadera zogwirira ntchito zinazake, monga zotengera kutentha kwambiri kwa ng'anjo zamakampani, zolimbana ndi dzimbiri zogwiritsa ntchito panyanja, ndi zotengera zolondola kwambiri zamakina apamwamba.

Tsogolo lamakampani onyamula katundu padziko lonse lapansi likulonjeza, ndi kafukufuku wopitilira ndi chitukuko chomwe cholinga chake ndi kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito, kudalirika komanso moyo wantchito. Poganizira zakukula kwa kukhazikika komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi, pali chidwi chowonjezereka pakupanga njira zothanirana ndi chilengedwe.

Ponseponse, kutukuka kwamakampani opanga zinthu padziko lonse lapansi ndikodabwitsa, kuyambira pomwe adayambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 mpaka pomwe ali ngati gawo lofunikira pamakampani amakono komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo. Pamene dziko likupita patsogolo, gawo la ma bearings pakuyendetsa luso komanso kuchita bwino m'mafakitale onse likuyembekezeka kukhala lofunika kwambiri m'zaka zikubwerazi.