Haɓaka ci gaban masana'antu

Kasar Sin na daya daga cikin kasashen da suka kirkiri na'urar nadi a baya a duniya, kuma an rubuta tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tsoffin littattafan kasar Sin. Daga mahangar kayan tarihi da bayanai, mafi dadewa na kasar Sin tare da samfurin nadi na zamani ya bayyana a shekara ta 221-207 BC (daular Qin) a kauyen Xuejiaya da ke gundumar Yongji ta lardin Shanxi. Bayan kafuwar sabuwar kasar Sin, musamman tun daga shekarun 1970, karkashin ingantacciyar hanyar yin gyare-gyare da bude kofa ga kasashen waje, masana'antar hada-hadar kudi ta shiga wani sabon lokaci na samun ci gaba mai inganci cikin sauri.

A karshen karni na 17, dan Burtaniya C.Vallow ya tsara da kera ’yan kwallo, ya sanya su a manyan motocin wasiku don gwaji kuma P. Worth na Burtaniya ya ba da izinin daukar kwallon. A ƙarshen karni na 18, HR Hertz na Jamus ya buga takarda game da matsalolin hulɗar ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa. Dangane da nasarorin da Hertz ya samu, R. Stribeck na Jamus, A. Palmgren na Sweden da sauransu sun gudanar da gwaje-gwaje masu yawa, kuma sun ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka ka'idar ƙirar birgima da lissafin rayuwar gajiya. Daga baya, NP Petrov na Rasha ya yi amfani da dokar Newton na danko don ƙididdige rikice-rikice.

O. Reynolds na Burtaniya ya yi nazarin ilimin lissafi na gano Thor kuma ya samo ma'aunin Reynolds, wanda tun daga lokacin ya kafa tushen ka'idar lubrication na hydrodynamic. Siffar farkon nau'in motsi na linzamin kwamfuta shine jeri na sandunan katako da aka sanya a ƙarƙashin farantin skid. Dabarar na iya kasancewa tun lokacin da aka gina Babban Dala na Giza, kodayake babu wata bayyananniyar shaida kan hakan. Motsin motsi na layi na zamani suna amfani da ƙa'idar aiki iri ɗaya, amma wani lokacin amfani da ball maimakon abin nadi. Na farko zamewa da mirgina bearings an yi su da itace. Ana amfani da yumbu, sapphire, ko gilashi, kuma ƙarfe, jan karfe, sauran karafa, da robobi (kamar nailan, bakelite, Teflon, da UHMWPE) duk ana amfani da su.

Ana buƙatar jujjuyawar jujjuyawar a aikace-aikace da yawa, daga gatari mai nauyi mai nauyi da mashinan kayan aikin injin zuwa daidaitattun sassan agogo. Mafi sauƙaƙan nau'in jujjuyawar jujjuyawar shine juzu'in daji, wanda shine kawai sandwid ɗin daji tsakanin dabaran da axle. Daga baya an maye gurbin wannan ƙira ta hanyar birgima, waɗanda suka maye gurbin ainihin daji da nau'ikan rollers masu siliki, waɗanda kowannensu yayi kama da dabaran daban. Mai yin agogo John Harrison ne ya ƙirƙira juzu'i na farko mai amfani tare da keji a cikin 1760 don samar da chronograph na H3.

An samo wani misali na farko na ɗaukar ƙwallo a kan wani tsohon jirgin ruwa na Roma da aka samu a tafkin Nami, Italiya. Ana amfani da wannan katako na katako don tallafawa saman tebur mai juyawa. An gina jirgin a shekara ta 40 BC. An ce Leonardo Da Vinci ya bayyana irin nau’in kwallon da ke dauke da kwallo a shekara ta 1500. Daga cikin abubuwa daban-daban da ba su balaga ba na daukar ƙwallo, wani muhimmin batu shi ne cewa za a yi karo a tsakanin ƙwallo, wanda zai haifar da ƙarin tashe-tashen hankula. Amma ana iya hana hakan ta hanyar sanya ƙwallon a cikin keji.

A cikin karni na 17, Galileo Galilea ya yi bayanin farko na "kwallon kafa", ko "cage ball" bear bearings. Duk da haka, a cikin dogon lokaci mai zuwa, ba a gano shigar da bearings a kan na'ura ba. Philip Vaughan na Carmarthen ya ba da izinin farko don rami ball a 1794.

A cikin 1883, Friedrich Fischer ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da injin samarwa da ya dace don niƙa ƙwallayen ƙarfe masu girmansu iri ɗaya kuma tare da daidaitaccen zagaye. Wannan ya aza harsashin samar da masana'antu mai zaman kanta. Fischers Automatische Guß Baƙaƙen stahlkugelfabrik ko Fischer Aktien-Gesellschaft ya zama alamar kasuwanci, mai rijista a ranar 29 ga Yuli 1905.

A cikin 1962, an gyara alamar kasuwanci ta FAG kuma tana ci gaba da amfani da ita a yau, ta zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na kamfanin a cikin 1979.

A cikin 1895, Henry Timken ya ƙera naɗaɗɗen abin nadi na farko, wanda ya ba da izini bayan shekaru uku kuma ya kafa Timken.

A cikin 1907, Sven Winqvist na masana'antar SKF Bearing ya kera na'urar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta zamani ta farko.

Haɓakawa shine muhimmin mahimmanci na kowane nau'in kayan aikin injiniya, kuma daidaitonsa, aiki, rayuwa da amincinsa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin daidaito, aiki, rayuwa da amincin mai watsa shiri. A cikin samfuran injiniyoyi, bearings suna cikin samfuran madaidaicin madaidaicin, ba wai kawai suna buƙatar cikakken tallafi na lissafi, kimiyyar lissafi da sauran fannonin ilimi da yawa ba, har ma suna buƙatar kimiyyar kayan aiki, fasahar kula da zafi, mashin ɗin mashin da fasahar aunawa, fasahar sarrafa lambobi da ingantattun hanyoyin ƙididdiga. da fasaha mai ƙarfi na kwamfuta da sauran fannoni masu yawa don hidima, don haka ɗaukar nauyi shine wakilin ƙarfin kimiyya da fasaha na ƙasa na samfurin.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kamfanoni da suka shahara a duniya sun shiga kasuwar hada-hadar kudi ta kasar Sin tare da kafa sansanonin samar da kayayyaki, irin su Sweden SKF Group, Jamus Schaeffler Group, Kamfanin Timken na Amurka, Kamfanin NSK na Japan, Kamfanin NTN da dai sauransu. Wadannan kamfanoni ba kawai ayyukan duniya ba ne, har ma da masana'antu na duniya, sun dogara da fa'idodin alama, kayan aiki, fasaha, babban jari da sikelin samarwa, kuma kamfanonin da ke cikin gida sun ƙaddamar da gasa mai tsanani. Tare da bunkasuwar masana'antun masu karbar baki na kasar Sin, tsarin samfur na hannun shaft zai canza, adadin kayayyakinsa masu daraja a cikin samfurin zai karu, farashin tallace-tallace kuma zai karu, ana sa ran samar da kayayyaki na kasar Sin zai zama. mafi girma a duniya samar da tallace-tallace tushe.

Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka gasa a cikin masana'antun masana'antu, haɗaka da saye da kuma ayyukan babban kamfani tsakanin manyan masana'antun masana'antu suna karuwa akai-akai, kuma masana'antun masana'antu masu inganci na cikin gida suna ba da kulawa sosai ga binciken kasuwar masana'antu, musamman zurfin nazarin yanayin ci gaban masana'antu da masu siyan samfur. Saboda wannan, ɗimbin ɗimbin ƙwararrun masana'antun masana'antu na gida sun tashi da sauri kuma a hankali sun zama jagora a cikin masana'antar masana'anta!